DinoDex
Long-snouted spinosaurid with large thumb claws walking in side view
Life reconstruction of the spinosaurid Baryonyx walkeri.图片来源：Sauroarchive, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY 4.0来源（在新标签页中打开）

Baryonyx walkeri

读音： BARE-ee-ON-iks WAW-ker-eye

Tetanurae · Spinosauridae

A fish-eating spinosaurid from the Early Cretaceous of southern England, with a long, crocodile-like snout and a 31 cm thumb claw. Its skeleton, found by an amateur collector in 1983, still held fish scales and Iguanodon bones in its belly.

  • Bipedal
  • Possibly semiaquatic
  • Famous specimen
对比
时代
白垩纪· 巴雷姆阶
食性
食鱼性
体长
7.5–10 m
体重
1,200–2,000 kg
地点
Surrey, United Kingdom

快速问答

Baryonyx walkeri有多大？
Baryonyx walkeri体长约7.5–10 m。髋部高约2.2–2.6 m。体重约1.2–2 t。 (Wikipedia: Baryonyx 2026; Paul 2016)
Baryonyx walkeri生活在什么时候？
Baryonyx walkeri生活在早白垩世，约1.258亿至1.214亿年前。 (Paleobiology Database: Baryonyx occurrences 2026; Barker et al. 2021)
在哪里发现过Baryonyx walkeri的化石？
Baryonyx walkeri的化石发现于Weald Clay Formation (Surrey)和United Kingdom。 (Charig & Milner 1986; Barker et al. 2021)
Baryonyx walkeri吃什么？
Baryonyx walkeri是食鱼性或肉食性。 (Charig & Milner 1986; Barker et al. 2021)
Baryonyx walkeri由谁命名，何时命名？
Baryonyx walkeri由Alan J. Charig & Angela C. Milner于1986年描述。 (Charig & Milner 1986; Museum & London 2026)
Baryonyx walkeri出现在《侏罗纪公园》里吗？
是的。Baryonyx walkeri出现在《侏罗纪世界2》 (2018)和《侏罗纪世界3》 (2022)中。电影有不少虚构成分；本页将其与化石证据进行了对比。 (Wikipedia: Dinosaurs in Jurassic Park 2026; Museum & London 2026)

本页内容

BARE-ee-ON-iks WAW-ker-eye

时代
白垩纪125.8–121.4 Ma
食性
食鱼性
体长
7.5–10 m
体重
1.2–2 t
产地
United Kingdom
分类
Tetanurae · Spinosauridae
命名
1986, Alan J. Charig & Angela C. Milner

概览

此内容目前仅提供英文版。

Baryonyx walkeri lived in southern England in the Barremian, about 125 million years ago, among lagoons and rivers. In January 1983 the amateur collector William Walker found a huge claw in a clay pit near Ockley, Surrey; Natural History Museum staff excavated the skeleton in May and June 1983, and Alan Charig and Angela Milner named it in 1986.

The skeleton (NHMUK PV R9951) is one of the most complete meat-eating dinosaurs found in Britain, with most of the skull. It showed for the first time what spinosaurids looked like: a long, narrow snout with a rosette of teeth at the tip, nostrils set far back and conical, crocodile-like teeth.

Fish scales and bones of a young Iguanodon were found where the stomach had been, so it ate both fish and land animals. It is the best-known spinosaurid from Europe and a key reference for relatives such as Suchomimus and Spinosaurus.

名称含义

"Heavy claw", from Greek barys ("heavy") and onyx ("claw"); walkeri honours William Walker, who found it (Charig & Milner 1986).

生物学与证据

科学家对这种动物生活方式的看法，以及每种观点的证据有多充分。

进食

  • Baryonyx also ate land animals such as young Iguanodon.

    证据等级：有力证据

    Bones of a young Iguanodon lay in the same abdominal area. Whether it hunted or scavenged them cannot be told.

    支持 / 反对证据 · 1
    支持证据

    • 标本 · Baryonyx stomach contents

      Fish scales and bones of a young Iguanodon found in the abdominal region of the holotype.

      标本： NHMUK PV R9951

  • Baryonyx ate fish.

    证据等级：直接证据

    Partly digested fish scales were found where its stomach had been, the first direct proof of a fish-eating non-bird dinosaur. Its snout and teeth also resemble those of fish-eating crocodiles.

    支持 / 反对证据 · 2
    支持证据

    • 标本 · Baryonyx stomach contents

      Fish scales and bones of a young Iguanodon found in the abdominal region of the holotype.

      标本： NHMUK PV R9951

    • 比较解剖学 · Baryonyx skull and teeth

      Nostrils set far back, a rosette of teeth at the snout tip and conical, rounded teeth like those of crocodiles.

      标本： NHMUK PV R9951

体型

体长
7.5–10 m

（32.8 英尺）

依据 NHMUK PV R9951

身高
2.4 m文献范围 2.2–2.6 m

（7.9 英尺）

依据 NHMUK R9951 (holotype, subadult)

体重
1,200–2,000 kg

依据 NHMUK PV R9951

Baryonyx walkeri 体长约 10 米（32.8 英尺），约为身高 1.8 米的成年人的 5.6 倍。

时间线

生活在约 125.8 至 121.4 百万年前（Ma），属于中生代（252–66 Ma）。

时代： 巴雷姆阶 (125.8–121.4 Ma), 早白垩世 (145–100.5 Ma)

Early Barremian bounds of the type collection in PBDB; the NHM gives "around 125 million years".

产地

地层

地图数据：Natural Earth（公有领域）。显示的是现代位置，而非当时大陆的位置。

这些是发现化石的地点，而不是该动物生活的全部范围。

生态系统

生活于： Weald Clay

136–125 百万年前 · 河流水系, 湖泊, 沼泽 / 湿地, 沿海平原

Early Cretaceous lagoons, lakes and rivers of south-east England, fresh to brackish, in a semi-arid, fire-prone climate.

同一生态系统

Iguanodon bernissartensis

白垩纪· 巴雷姆阶植食性

分类

  1. 演化支Dinosauria
  2. 演化支Saurischia
  3. 演化支Theropoda
  4. 演化支Tetanurae
  5. 总科Megalosauroidea
  6. 科Spinosauridae
  7. 亚科Baryonychinae
  8. 属Baryonyx
  9. 种Baryonyx walkeri

分类地位： 有效

化石记录

Skull and skeleton elements of the Baryonyx walkeri holotype NHMUK PV R 9951, Natural History Museum, London.图片来源：The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY 4.0来源（在新标签页中打开）
标本
编号类型收藏机构发现年份
NHMUK PV R9951正模标本Natural History Museum, London (NHMUK)1983

已发现的部分

正模标本: NHMUK PV R9951

  • 保存
  • 部分保存
  • 复原
  • 未知 / 未记录
按部位查看（表格）
正模标本: NHMUK PV R9951 的骨骼部位
部位状态
Skull部分保存 · Snout and braincase.
Mandible部分保存
Teeth部分保存
Cervical vertebrae未知 / 未记录
Dorsal vertebrae未知 / 未记录
Sacrum未知 / 未记录
Caudal vertebrae未知 / 未记录
Ribs未知 / 未记录
Gastralia未知 / 未记录
Scapula / shoulder girdle未知 / 未记录
Humerus未知 / 未记录
Forearm (radius / ulna)未知 / 未记录
Hand (manus)部分保存 · Large first-finger claw, 31 cm along the curve.
Pelvis未知 / 未记录
Femur未知 / 未记录
Tibia / fibula未知 / 未记录
Foot (pes)未知 / 未记录
Reconstructed skull of Baryonyx at the Dinosaur Isle museum, Sandown, showing the long, crocodile-like snout.图片来源：A Cynical Idealist, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons, Dinosaur Isle, SandownCC BY 4.0来源（在新标签页中打开）

全部标本

发现

命名年份
1986
命名者
Alan J. Charig & Angela C. Milner
模式标本
NHMUK PV R9951

发现时间线

  1. 1983 · 首次发现材料

    William Walker finds the Baryonyx claw

    An amateur collector finds a 31 cm claw in a clay pit near Ockley, Surrey, in January 1983; the museum excavates the skeleton that spring.

    人物：William J. Walker

  2. 1986 · 正式命名

    Charig and Milner name Baryonyx walkeri

    The "heavy claw" is named in Nature.

    人物：Alan J. Charig, Angela C. Milner

  3. 2021 · 重要研究

    Two new baryonychines named from the Isle of Wight

    Barker and colleagues describe Ceratosuchops and Riparovenator, close relatives of Baryonyx, and argue spinosaurids originated in Europe.

《侏罗纪公园》与《侏罗纪世界》中的形象

电影

  • 侏罗纪世界2 (2018)
  • 侏罗纪世界3 (2022)

此内容目前仅提供英文版。

银幕形象

A predator on Isla Nublar during the volcanic eruption in Fallen Kingdom.

电影与化石对比

  • Fish scales found with its stomach contents show it ate fish; its long, crocodile-like snout suited catching them.

电影名称仅用于识别。DinoDex 与《侏罗纪公园》/《侏罗纪世界》系列无任何关联，也未获其认可。 所有在电影中出现的恐龙

参考文献

  1. (2026). Paleobiology Database: Baryonyx occurrences. The Paleobiology Database (paleobiodb.org), data service 1.2, accessed 2026-09-23. https://paleobiodb.org/data1.2/occs/list.txt?base_name=Baryonyx&show=coords,paleoloc,strat,loc,ref&pgm=gplates（在新标签页中打开）
  2. (2026). Wikipedia: Baryonyx. Wikipedia (English), accessed 2026-09-23. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryonyx（在新标签页中打开）
  3. (2026). Wikipedia: Dinosaurs in Jurassic Park. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinosaurs_in_Jurassic_Park（在新标签页中打开）
  4. Barker, C. T., Hone, D. W. E., Naish, D., Cau, A., Lockwood, J. A. F., Foster, B., Clarkin, C. E., Schneider, P. & Gostling, N. J. (2021). New spinosaurids from the Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, UK) and the European origins of Spinosauridae. Scientific Reports 11. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-97870-8（在新标签页中打开）
  5. Charig, A. J. & Milner, A. C. (1986). Baryonyx, a remarkable new theropod dinosaur. Nature 324: 359-361. doi:10.1038/324359a0（在新标签页中打开）
  6. Natural History Museum, London (2026). How did Baryonyx change what we knew about spinosaurs?. nhm.ac.uk. https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/how-did-baryonyx-change-what-we-knew-about-spinosaurs.html（在新标签页中打开）
  7. Paul, G. S. (2016). The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs (2nd edition). Princeton University Press.