Iguanodon bernissartensis
读音： ig-WAH-noh-don ber-nis-ar-TEN-sis
Iguanodontia · Iguanodontidae
A large plant-eating ornithopod from the Early Cretaceous of Europe with a conical thumb spike. About thirty skeletons were found 322 m underground in a Belgian coal mine at Bernissart in 1878.
- Famous specimen
- 时代
- 白垩纪· 巴雷姆阶
- 食性
- 植食性
- 体长
- 6.3–10 m
- 体重
- 4,500 kg
- 地点
- Hainaut, Belgium, Europe
快速问答
- Iguanodon bernissartensis有多大？
- Iguanodon bernissartensis体长约6.3–10 m。髋部高约2.2–2.8 m。体重约4.5 t。 (Sciences 2026; Museum & London 2026)
- Iguanodon bernissartensis生活在什么时候？
- Iguanodon bernissartensis生活在早白垩世，约1.258亿至1.196亿年前。 (Paleobiology Database: Iguanodon occurrences 2026)
- 在哪里发现过Iguanodon bernissartensis的化石？
- Iguanodon bernissartensis的化石发现于Sainte-Barbe Clays Formation (Hainaut)和Belgium。 (Mantell 1825; Boulenger 1881)
- Iguanodon bernissartensis吃什么？
- Iguanodon bernissartensis是植食性。 (Mantell 1825; Boulenger 1881)
- Iguanodon bernissartensis由谁命名，何时命名？
- Iguanodon bernissartensis由George A. Boulenger于1881年描述。 (Boulenger 1881; Paleobiology Database: Iguanodon occurrences 2026)
- Iguanodon bernissartensis出现在《侏罗纪公园》里吗？
- 是的。Iguanodon bernissartensis出现在《侏罗纪世界3》 (2022)中。电影有不少虚构成分；本页将其与化石证据进行了对比。 (Wikipedia: Dinosaurs in Jurassic Park 2026; Mantell 1825)
本页内容
- 时代
- 白垩纪125.8–119.6 Ma
- 食性
- 植食性
- 体长
- 6.3–10 m
- 体重
- 4.5 t
- 产地
- Belgium, Europe
- 分类
- Iguanodontia · Iguanodontidae
- 命名
- 1881, George A. Boulenger
概览
此内容目前仅提供英文版。
Iguanodon was the second dinosaur ever named. Gideon Mantell named it in 1825 from teeth found in Sussex that resembled those of an iguana, and he placed a spike on its nose. Only the complete skeletons from Belgium showed that the spike belonged on the thumb.
In 1878 miners at Bernissart, Belgium, found dinosaur bones 322 m underground in a coal mine. Some thirty fairly complete skeletons were recovered, most of them Iguanodon bernissartensis, named by George Boulenger in 1881. From 1882 Louis Dollo and Louis De Pauw mounted them in Brussels, where they are still displayed.
Iguanodon was a heavy animal that could walk on four legs or two. Its hand combined a spike-like thumb, three middle fingers that could bear weight and a grasping fifth finger. It lived in the Barremian to early Aptian, and I. bernissartensis is now the type species of the genus.
名称含义
"Iguana tooth", from iguana and Greek odous ("tooth") (Mantell 1825); bernissartensis for Bernissart, Belgium (Boulenger 1881).
生物学与证据
科学家对这种动物生活方式的看法，以及每种观点的证据有多充分。
牙齿
Iguanodon was named for teeth that look like an iguana's.
证据等级：直接证据Mantell compared the worn fossil teeth with those of a living iguana, much smaller but similar in shape.
支持 / 反对证据 · 1
支持证据
标本 · Mantell's Iguanodon teeth
Large fossil teeth from Sussex that resembled those of an iguana, the basis of the name Iguanodon.
行为
Iguanodon used its thumb spike as a weapon.
证据等级：假说The spike was probably sheathed in sharp horn and could have been used in defence or combat; food handling has also been suggested. No direct evidence of its use is known.
支持 / 反对证据 · 1
支持证据
比较解剖学 · Iguanodon hand and thumb spike
The thumb is a large conical spike; with the three middle fingers and a grasping fifth finger the hand has three different functions.
标本： IRSNB 1534
其他
The spike of Iguanodon was on its thumb, not on its nose.
证据等级：直接证据Mantell had placed a lone spike on the nose. Articulated skeletons from Bernissart showed it sits on the hand.
支持 / 反对证据 · 2
支持证据
比较解剖学 · Iguanodon hand and thumb spike
The thumb is a large conical spike; with the three middle fingers and a grasping fifth finger the hand has three different functions.
标本： IRSNB 1534
标本 · Bernissart Iguanodon skeletons
About thirty relatively complete skeletons recovered 322 m underground in the Bernissart coal mine; eight I. bernissartensis are mounted in Brussels.
标本： IRSNB 1534
体型
- 体长
- 6.3–10 m
- 身高
- 2.5 m文献范围 2.2–2.8 m
- 体重
- 4,500 kg
（32.8 英尺）
依据 Bernissart mounts (IRSNB)
（8.2 英尺）
依据 Bernissart skeletons (femur c. 1.0-1.1 m)
时间线
时代： 巴雷姆阶 (125.8–121.4 Ma), 阿普特阶 (121.4–113 Ma), 早白垩世 (145–100.5 Ma)
Barremian-early Aptian bounds of the Bernissart collection in PBDB (PBDB time scale).
产地
地层
- Sainte-Barbe Clays Formation · Hainaut
- Sainte-Barbe pit, Bernissart, Hainaut · Sainte-Barbe Clays Formation · Hainaut · 位置为近似值
这些是发现化石的地点，而不是该动物生活的全部范围。
生态系统
生活于： Weald Clay
136–125 百万年前 · 河流水系, 湖泊, 沼泽 / 湿地, 沿海平原
Early Cretaceous lagoons, lakes and rivers of south-east England, fresh to brackish, in a semi-arid, fire-prone climate.
生活于： Bernissart
湖泊, 沼泽 / 湿地
Early Cretaceous lake in the Mons Basin, Belgium, with laminated clays and lignite; ferns such as Weichselia grew around it.
分类
- 演化支Dinosauria
- 演化支Ornithischia
- 演化支Ornithopoda
- 演化支Iguanodontia
- 科Iguanodontidae
- 属Iguanodon
- 种Iguanodon bernissartensis
分类地位： 有效
化石记录
| 编号 | 类型 | 收藏机构 | 发现年份 |
|---|---|---|---|
| IRSNB 1534 | 正模标本 | Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (IRSNB) | 1878 |
尚未记录每件标本保存了哪些骨骼。
图库
发现
- 命名年份
- 1881
- 命名者
- George A. Boulenger
- 模式标本
- IRSNB 1534
发现时间线
1822 · 首次发现材料
Iguanodon teeth found in Sussex
Large fossil teeth are found in Sussex; the story that Mary Ann Mantell found them is doubted.
人物：Gideon Mantell
1825 · 正式命名
Mantell names Iguanodon
Mantell publishes the "iguana tooth" in the Philosophical Transactions.
人物：Gideon Mantell
1878 · 标本出土
Iguanodon skeletons found in the Bernissart mine
Miners find bones 322 m underground; the museum is told by telegram on 12 April 1878 and about thirty skeletons are recovered.
1881 · 正式命名
Boulenger names Iguanodon bernissartensis
The Bernissart species is named.
人物：George A. Boulenger
1882 · 重要研究
Dollo and De Pauw begin mounting the Bernissart Iguanodons
The first skeleton goes on display in 1883.
人物：Louis Dollo, Louis De Pauw
《侏罗纪公园》与《侏罗纪世界》中的形象
电影
- 侏罗纪世界3 (2022)
此内容目前仅提供英文版。
银幕形象
A herd herbivore in Dominion.
电影与化石对比
- One of the first dinosaurs ever named (1825), from its teeth; its thumb spike is real, its exact use is not known.
电影名称仅用于识别。DinoDex 与《侏罗纪公园》/《侏罗纪世界》系列无任何关联，也未获其认可。 所有在电影中出现的恐龙
参考文献
- (2026). Paleobiology Database: Iguanodon occurrences. The Paleobiology Database (paleobiodb.org), data service 1.2, accessed 2026-09-23. https://paleobiodb.org/data1.2/occs/list.txt?base_name=Iguanodon&show=coords,paleoloc,strat,loc,ref&pgm=gplates（在新标签页中打开）
- (2026). Wikipedia: Iguanodon. Wikipedia (English), accessed 2026-09-23. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iguanodon（在新标签页中打开）
- (2026). Wikipedia: Dinosaurs in Jurassic Park. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinosaurs_in_Jurassic_Park（在新标签页中打开）
- Boulenger, G. A. (1881). Sur l'arc pelvien chez les dinosauriens de Bernissart. Bulletins de l'Académie royale de Belgique, 3e série, 1(5): 1-11.
- Charig, A. J. & Chapman, S. D. (1998). Iguanodon Mantell, 1825 (Reptilia, Ornithischia): proposed designation of Iguanodon bernissartensis Boulenger in Beneden, 1881 as the type species, and proposed designation of a lectotype. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 55: 99-104. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.157（在新标签页中打开）
- Mantell, G. (1825). Notice on the Iguanodon, a newly discovered fossil reptile, from the sandstone of Tilgate forest, in Sussex. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London: 179-186. doi:10.1098/rstl.1825.0010（在新标签页中打开）
- Natural History Museum, London (2026). Iguanodon: the teeth that led to a dinosaur discovery. nhm.ac.uk. https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/the-discovery-of-iguanodon.html（在新标签页中打开）
- Paul, G. S. (2016). The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs (2nd edition). Princeton University Press.
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (2026). The Bernissart Iguanodons at a glance. naturalsciences.be. https://www.naturalsciences.be/en/discover-join/discover/the-bernissart-iguanodons-at-a-glance（在新标签页中打开）