Megalosaurus bucklandii
读音： MEG-ah-loh-SORE-us buk-LAN-dee-eye
Tetanurae · Megalosauridae
A large meat-eating dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Oxfordshire, England, and the first dinosaur to be scientifically named, by William Buckland in 1824. Its type specimen is a lower jaw kept in Oxford.
- Bipedal
- Famous specimen
- 时代
- 侏罗纪· 中侏罗世
- 食性
- 肉食性
- 体长
- 6 m
- 体重
- 700–943 kg
- 地点
- Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
快速问答
- Megalosaurus bucklandii有多大？
- Megalosaurus bucklandii体长约6 m。髋部高约1.8–2.1 m。体重约700–943 kg。 (Paul 2010; Wikipedia: Megalosaurus 2026)
- Megalosaurus bucklandii生活在什么时候？
- Megalosaurus bucklandii生活在中侏罗世，约1.682亿至1.653亿年前。 (Paleobiology Database: Megalosaurus occurrences 2026)
- 在哪里发现过Megalosaurus bucklandii的化石？
- Megalosaurus bucklandii的化石发现于Taynton Limestone Formation (Oxfordshire)和United Kingdom。 (Buckland 1824; Benson et al. 2008)
- Megalosaurus bucklandii吃什么？
- Megalosaurus bucklandii是肉食性。 (Buckland 1824; Benson et al. 2008)
- Megalosaurus bucklandii由谁命名，何时命名？
- Megalosaurus bucklandii由William Buckland于1824年描述。 (Buckland 1824; History 2026)
本页内容
- 时代
- 侏罗纪168.2–165.3 Ma
- 食性
- 肉食性
- 体长
- 6 m
- 体重
- 0.7–0.9 t
- 产地
- United Kingdom
- 分类
- Tetanurae · Megalosauridae
- 命名
- 1824, William Buckland
概览
此内容目前仅提供英文版。
Megalosaurus bucklandii lived in what is now southern England in the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian), on a coastline with lagoons and seasonal dry spells. Bones from the quarries around Stonesfield, north-west of Oxford, reached the University of Oxford from the 1790s; William Buckland described them in 1824 as the "great fossil lizard", and Gideon Mantell added the species name bucklandii in 1827.
It was a two-legged predator several metres long with blade-like, serrated teeth. Its jaw (OUMNH PAL-J.13505) is the type specimen. In 1842 Richard Owen used Megalosaurus, Iguanodon and Hylaeosaurus to define a new group, the Dinosauria.
For a long time almost any large Jurassic or Cretaceous theropod was called Megalosaurus. Benson and colleagues (2008) showed that the type jaw has unique features, so the species is valid, but warned that other bones could not be referred to it with certainty; a larger study (Benson 2010) later described more of the Stonesfield material as Megalosaurus.
名称含义
"Great lizard", from Greek megas ("great") and sauros ("lizard") (Buckland 1824); bucklandii honours William Buckland (Mantell 1827).
生物学与证据
科学家对这种动物生活方式的看法，以及每种观点的证据有多充分。
其他
Megalosaurus was one of the three animals used to define the Dinosauria in 1842.
证据等级：直接证据Richard Owen coined "Dinosauria" in 1842 for Megalosaurus, Iguanodon and Hylaeosaurus. This is a historical fact, not a biological inference.
支持 / 反对证据 · 1
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标本 · Megalosaurus lectotype dentary
A right dentary diagnosed by two unique characters: a groove along the lower outer surface and a slit-like anterior Meckelian foramen.
Only the type jaw can be assigned to Megalosaurus bucklandii with certainty.
证据等级：有争议In 2008 Benson and colleagues found no other bones that could be referred to the species with certainty. In 2010 Benson described much of the Stonesfield material as Megalosaurus, so the question depends on how much variation one accepts.
支持 / 反对证据 · 2
支持证据
标本 · Megalosaurus lectotype dentary
A right dentary diagnosed by two unique characters: a groove along the lower outer surface and a slit-like anterior Meckelian foramen.
反对证据
比较解剖学 · Megalosaurus Stonesfield skeleton description
A full description of the Stonesfield theropod bones treated as Megalosaurus bucklandii.
Megalosaurus was the first dinosaur to be scientifically described.
证据等级：有力证据Buckland described it in 1824, a year before Mantell named Iguanodon. An earlier printed mention (Parkinson 1822) had no description.
支持 / 反对证据 · 1
支持证据
标本 · Megalosaurus lectotype dentary
A right dentary diagnosed by two unique characters: a groove along the lower outer surface and a slit-like anterior Meckelian foramen.
体型
- 体长
- 6 m
- 身高
- 1.9 m文献范围 1.8–2.1 m
- 体重
- 700–943 kg
（19.7 英尺）
（6.2 英尺）
依据 OUMNH J13561 (femur c. 0.8 m) and Stonesfield material
依据 NHMUK PV OR 31806 (femur 803 mm) for the upper value
时间线
时代： 中侏罗世 (174.7–161.5 Ma)
Middle Bathonian bounds of the Stonesfield collection in PBDB.
产地
地层
- Taynton Limestone Formation · Oxfordshire
- Stonesfield quarries, Oxfordshire · Taynton Limestone Formation · Oxfordshire · 位置为近似值
这些是发现化石的地点，而不是该动物生活的全部范围。
生态系统
生活于： Stonesfield (Taynton Limestone)
沿海平原, 海洋边缘
A Middle Jurassic coastline in southern England, perhaps seasonally dry, with mangrove-like vegetation.
分类
- 演化支Dinosauria
- 演化支Saurischia
- 演化支Theropoda
- 演化支Tetanurae
- 总科Megalosauroidea
- 科Megalosauridae
- 属Megalosaurus
- 种Megalosaurus bucklandii
分类地位： 有效
化石记录
| 编号 | 类型 | 收藏机构 | 发现年份 |
|---|---|---|---|
| OUMNH PAL-J.13505 | 选模标本 | Oxford University Museum of Natural History (OUMNH) | 1797 |
已发现的部分
选模标本: OUMNH PAL-J.13505
- 保存
- 部分保存
- 复原
- 未知 / 未记录
按部位查看（表格）
| 部位 | 状态 |
|---|---|
| Skull | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Mandible | 部分保存 · Right dentary. |
| Teeth | 部分保存 |
| Cervical vertebrae | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Dorsal vertebrae | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Sacrum | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Caudal vertebrae | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Ribs | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Gastralia | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Scapula / shoulder girdle | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Humerus | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Forearm (radius / ulna) | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Hand (manus) | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Pelvis | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Femur | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Tibia / fibula | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Foot (pes) | 未知 / 未记录 |
图库
发现
- 命名年份
- 1824
- 命名者
- William Buckland
- 模式标本
- OUMNH PAL-J.13505
发现时间线
1797 · 首次发现材料
Oxford acquires the Megalosaurus jaw
A jaw from the Stonesfield quarries is acquired by the University of Oxford.
1824 · 正式命名
Buckland describes Megalosaurus
Buckland presents the "great fossil lizard of Stonesfield" to the Geological Society of London.
人物：William Buckland
2008 · 修订
Benson et al. confirm Megalosaurus bucklandii as a valid species
The lectotype jaw is shown to have unique features.
人物：Roger B. J. Benson
参考文献
- (2026). Paleobiology Database: Megalosaurus occurrences. The Paleobiology Database (paleobiodb.org), data service 1.2, accessed 2026-09-23. https://paleobiodb.org/data1.2/occs/list.txt?base_name=Megalosaurus&show=coords,paleoloc,strat,loc,ref&pgm=gplates（在新标签页中打开）
- (2026). Wikipedia: Megalosaurus. Wikipedia (English), accessed 2026-09-23. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalosaurus（在新标签页中打开）
- Benson, R. B. J. (2010). A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158: 882-935. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00569.x（在新标签页中打开）
- Benson, R. B. J., Barrett, P. M., Powell, H. P. & Norman, D. B. (2008). The taxonomic status of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Middle Jurassic of Oxfordshire, UK. Palaeontology 51: 419-424. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00751.x（在新标签页中打开）
- Buckland, W. (1824). Notice on the Megalosaurus or great Fossil Lizard of Stonesfield. Transactions of the Geological Society of London, series 2, 1: 390-396. doi:10.1144/transgslb.1.2.390（在新标签页中打开）
- Oxford University Museum of Natural History (2026). Megalosaurus dentary (OUMNH PAL-J.13505), 3D model and record. Sketchfab (museum account @morethanadodo). https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/megalosaurus-dentary-oumnh-pal-j13505-95c26e991aeb4ebfacd6ceec76e08cba（在新标签页中打开）
- Paul, G. S. (2010). The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs. Princeton University Press.
- Paul, G. S. (2016). The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs (2nd edition). Princeton University Press.