DinoDex
Large feathered dromaeosaur with a big sickle claw, in side view
Life restoration of Utahraptor ostrommaysi.图片来源：Fred Wierum, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons (unmodified except resizing)CC BY-SA 4.0（未修改）来源（在新标签页中打开）

Utahraptor ostrommaysi

读音： YOO-tah-RAP-tor os-trom-MAY-zeye

Eudromaeosauria · Dromaeosauridae

The largest known dromaeosaurid, a heavily built "raptor" several metres long from the Early Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah, with a sickle claw over 20 cm long.

  • Feathered
  • Bipedal
  • Sickle claw
  • Giant
  • Possible pack behavior
对比
时代
白垩纪· 巴雷姆阶
食性
肉食性
体长
5.5–7 m
体重
未知
地点
Utah

快速问答

Utahraptor ostrommaysi有多大？
Utahraptor ostrommaysi体长约5.5–7 m。髋部高约1.3–1.6 m。 (Kirkland et al. 1993; Paul 2010)
Utahraptor ostrommaysi生活在什么时候？
Utahraptor ostrommaysi生活在早白垩世，约1.258亿至1.214亿年前。 (Cohen et al. 2023; Kirkland et al. 1993)
在哪里发现过Utahraptor ostrommaysi的化石？
Utahraptor ostrommaysi的化石发现于Cedar Mountain Formation (Utah)。 (Kirkland et al. 1993; Paul 2010)
Utahraptor ostrommaysi吃什么？
Utahraptor ostrommaysi是肉食性。 (Kirkland et al. 1993; Paul 2010)
Utahraptor ostrommaysi由谁命名，何时命名？
Utahraptor ostrommaysi由James I. Kirkland, Robert Gaston & Donald Burge于1993年描述。 (Kirkland et al. 1993)

本页内容

YOO-tah-RAP-tor os-trom-MAY-zeye

时代
白垩纪125.8–121.4 Ma
食性
肉食性
体长
5.5–7 m
体重
未知
分类
Eudromaeosauria · Dromaeosauridae
命名
1993, James I. Kirkland, Robert Gaston & Donald Burge

概览

此内容目前仅提供英文版。

Utahraptor ostrommaysi lived in what is now eastern Utah in the Early Cretaceous. Its remains come from the Yellow Cat Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation. James Kirkland, Robert Gaston and Donald Burge named it in 1993, honouring John Ostrom, who first described Deinonychus, and Chris Mays of Dinamation.

It was the giant of the dromaeosaurids: much heavier and longer than Deinonychus, with a huge sickle claw on each foot. Unlike its lighter relatives it had relatively short, strong legs, suggesting it overpowered prey rather than chasing it over long distances.

In 2001 a sandstone block was found near Moab with the bones of several Utahraptor individuals, from adults to juveniles, mixed with an iguanodont. It may be a quicksand trap that caught a group, but the block is still being prepared and the interpretation is open. The age of the Yellow Cat Member is also debated.

名称含义

"Utah's plunderer", from Utah and Latin raptor; ostrommaysi honours John Ostrom and Chris Mays (Kirkland, Gaston & Burge 1993).

生物学与证据

科学家对这种动物生活方式的看法，以及每种观点的证据有多充分。

运动方式

  • Utahraptor was built for power rather than speed.

    证据等级：中等证据

    Its lower legs are short and stout compared with lighter relatives, which points to strength over endurance running.

    支持 / 反对证据 · 1
    支持证据

    • 比较解剖学 · Utahraptor robust hind limbs

      Shorter, sturdier lower legs and a larger sickle claw than in Deinonychus, suggesting power rather than speed.

      标本： CEU 184v.86

羽毛

  • Utahraptor had feathers.

    证据等级：有力证据

    Feathers are not preserved with it, but they are known in its close relatives on both sides of the family tree.

    支持 / 反对证据 · 1
    支持证据

    • 系统发育推断 · Dromaeosaur quill knobs and feathered relatives

      Close relatives are preserved with feathers, and Velociraptor shows quill knobs; Deinonychus sits inside this feathered group.

社会生活

  • Utahraptor lived in family groups.

    证据等级：假说

    A block with adults and young together suggests they were together when they died, but the site is still being prepared and a trap could gather unrelated animals.

    支持 / 反对证据 · 1
    支持证据

体型

体长
5.5–7 m

（23 英尺）

身高
1.5 m文献范围 1.3–1.6 m

（4.9 英尺）

依据 BYU material and Stikes Quarry specimens

体重
未知
Utahraptor ostrommaysi 体长约 7 米（23 英尺），约为身高 1.8 米的成年人的 3.9 倍。

时间线

生活在约 125.8 至 121.4 百万年前（Ma），属于中生代（252–66 Ma）。

时代： 巴雷姆阶 (125.8–121.4 Ma), 早白垩世 (145–100.5 Ma)

Ages are the ICS 2023/09 bounds of the Barremian, the stage(s) the fossils are assigned to; they bracket the record and are not dated first/last appearances. The Yellow Cat Member is usually cited as Barremian, but some dating work suggests it is older (Valanginian-Hauterivian); the range is uncertain.

产地

地点

地图数据：Natural Earth（公有领域）。显示的是现代位置，而非当时大陆的位置。

这些是发现化石的地点，而不是该动物生活的全部范围。

生态系统

生活于： Yellow Cat

泛滥平原, 河流水系, 其他

Early Cretaceous semi-arid floodplains with seasonal rivers and springs in what is now eastern Utah. Its age is debated.

分类

  1. 演化支Dinosauria
  2. 演化支Saurischia
  3. 演化支Theropoda
  4. 演化支Coelurosauria
  5. 演化支Maniraptora
  6. 科Dromaeosauridae
  7. 演化支Eudromaeosauria
  8. 属Utahraptor
  9. 种Utahraptor ostrommaysi

分类地位： 有效

化石记录

Utahraptor skeleton cast from bones in the Brigham Young University collection, at the BYU Museum of Paleontology.图片来源：Jaren Wilkey, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons (unmodified except resizing), BYU Museum of PaleontologyCC BY-SA 4.0（未修改）来源（在新标签页中打开）
标本
编号类型收藏机构发现年份
CEU 184v.86正模标本Prehistoric Museum, Utah State University Eastern (CEU)1991
UGS Utahraptor megablock “Utahraptor megablock”归入标本Utah Geological Survey (UGS)2001

已发现的部分

正模标本: CEU 184v.86

  • 保存
  • 部分保存
  • 复原
  • 未知 / 未记录

正模标本: CEU 184v.86

按部位查看（表格）
正模标本: CEU 184v.86 的骨骼部位
部位状态
Skull未知 / 未记录
Mandible未知 / 未记录
Teeth未知 / 未记录
Cervical vertebrae未知 / 未记录
Dorsal vertebrae未知 / 未记录
Sacrum未知 / 未记录
Caudal vertebrae未知 / 未记录
Ribs未知 / 未记录
Gastralia未知 / 未记录
Scapula / shoulder girdle未知 / 未记录
Humerus未知 / 未记录
Forearm (radius / ulna)未知 / 未记录
Hand (manus)未知 / 未记录
Pelvis未知 / 未记录
Femur未知 / 未记录
Tibia / fibula未知 / 未记录
Foot (pes)部分保存 · Second-toe claw.

归入标本: UGS Utahraptor megablock “Utahraptor megablock”

按部位查看（表格）
归入标本: UGS Utahraptor megablock “Utahraptor megablock” 的骨骼部位
部位状态
Skull部分保存
Mandible未知 / 未记录
Teeth未知 / 未记录
Cervical vertebrae部分保存
Dorsal vertebrae未知 / 未记录
Sacrum未知 / 未记录
Caudal vertebrae未知 / 未记录
Ribs未知 / 未记录
Gastralia未知 / 未记录
Scapula / shoulder girdle未知 / 未记录
Humerus未知 / 未记录
Forearm (radius / ulna)未知 / 未记录
Hand (manus)未知 / 未记录
Pelvis未知 / 未记录
Femur部分保存
Tibia / fibula未知 / 未记录
Foot (pes)未知 / 未记录
Skull of the Utahraptor skeleton cast at the BYU Museum of Paleontology.图片来源：Jaren Wilkey, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons (unmodified except resizing), BYU Museum of PaleontologyCC BY-SA 4.0（未修改）来源（在新标签页中打开）

全部标本

发现

命名年份
1993
命名者
James I. Kirkland, Robert Gaston & Donald Burge
模式标本
CEU 184v.86

发现时间线

  1. 1991 · 首次发现材料

    Utahraptor claw found at Gaston Quarry

    A giant foot claw is found in the Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah.

    人物：Carl Limoni, Robert Gaston

  2. 1993 · 正式命名

    Kirkland, Gaston and Burge name Utahraptor

    The largest known dromaeosaurid is named, the same year Jurassic Park showed oversized raptors.

    人物：James I. Kirkland, Robert Gaston

  3. 2001 · 标本出土

    Utahraptor megablock found

    A block with several Utahraptor individuals is found near Moab.

    人物：Matt Stikes

参考文献

  1. Cohen, K. M., Harper, D. A. T., Gibbard, P. L. & Car, N. (2023). International Chronostratigraphic Chart (v2023/09). International Commission on Stratigraphy. https://stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2023-09.pdf（在新标签页中打开）
  2. Kirkland, J. I., Gaston, R. & Burge, D. (1993). A large dromaeosaur (Theropoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of eastern Utah. Hunteria 2(10): 1-16.
  3. Paul, G. S. (2010). The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs. Princeton University Press.
  4. Paul, G. S. (2016). The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs (2nd edition). Princeton University Press.