Deinocheirus mirificus
读音： DYE-noh-KY-rus mih-RIF-ih-kus
Ornithomimosauria · Deinocheiridae
A giant, humpbacked ornithomimosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia, known for decades only from a pair of 2.4 m arms. New skeletons in 2014 revealed a duck-like snout, a sail on its back and a stomach full of stones and fish.
- Bipedal
- Giant
- Giant claws
- Sail backed
- Unusual anatomy
- 时代
- 白垩纪· 马斯特里赫特阶
- 食性
- 杂食性
- 体长
- 11 m
- 体重
- 6,360 kg
- 地点
- Ömnögovi Province, Mongolia, Asia
快速问答
- Deinocheirus mirificus有多大？
- Deinocheirus mirificus体长约11 m。髋部高约2.9–3.5 m。体重约6.4 t。 (Wikipedia: Deinocheirus 2026; Lee et al. 2014)
- Deinocheirus mirificus生活在什么时候？
- Deinocheirus mirificus生活在晚白垩世，约7210万至6600万年前。 (Paleobiology Database: Deinocheirus occurrences 2026; Cohen et al. 2023)
- 在哪里发现过Deinocheirus mirificus的化石？
- Deinocheirus mirificus的化石发现于Nemegt Formation (Ömnögovi Province)和Mongolia。 (Osmólska & Roniewicz 1970; Lee et al. 2014)
- Deinocheirus mirificus吃什么？
- Deinocheirus mirificus是杂食性。 (Osmólska & Roniewicz 1970; Lee et al. 2014)
- Deinocheirus mirificus由谁命名，何时命名？
- Deinocheirus mirificus由Halszka Osmólska & Ewa Roniewicz于1970年描述。 (Osmólska & Roniewicz 1970; Lee et al. 2014)
本页内容
DYE-noh-KY-rus mih-RIF-ih-kus
- 时代
- 白垩纪72.1–66 Ma
- 食性
- 杂食性
- 体长
- 11 m
- 体重
- 6.4 t
- 产地
- Mongolia, Asia
- 分类
- Ornithomimosauria · Deinocheiridae
- 命名
- 1970, Halszka Osmólska & Ewa Roniewicz
概览
此内容目前仅提供英文版。
Deinocheirus mirificus lived in the Nemegt Formation of Mongolia at the end of the Cretaceous. The 1965 Polish-Mongolian expedition found its holotype at Altan Uul III: mostly a pair of giant forelimbs, 2.4 m long, with shoulder girdles. Halszka Osmólska and Ewa Roniewicz named it in 1970, and for almost fifty years it remained a mystery.
Two new skeletons, found in 2006 and 2009, were described by Lee and colleagues in 2014. Deinocheirus turned out to be the largest ornithomimosaur: a heavily built, slow animal with a long, toothless snout, a deep jaw, very tall spines along the back, short hind legs and broad, blunt toe claws.
More than a thousand gastroliths and fish remains in its body cavity suggest it was a giant omnivore of wet environments. Parts of one skeleton had been poached and sold abroad before being returned to Mongolia in 2014.
名称含义
"Terrible hand", from Greek deinos ("terrible") and cheir ("hand"); mirificus, Latin for "unusual, peculiar" (Osmólska & Roniewicz 1970).
生物学与证据
科学家对这种动物生活方式的看法，以及每种观点的证据有多充分。
运动方式
Deinocheirus was a slow, heavy animal rather than a runner.
证据等级：中等证据Unlike its fast relatives, it had short hind limbs and a heavily built body.
支持 / 反对证据 · 1
支持证据
标本 · New Deinocheirus skeletons
Two skeletons showing an elongate snout, deep jaw, tall neural spines, a pygostyle, a U-shaped furcula, an expanded pelvis, short hind limbs and broad-tipped toe claws.
进食
Deinocheirus was a giant omnivore that also ate fish.
证据等级：中等证据Its skull suggests plant-eating, while gut stones and fish remains show a mixed diet in wet environments.
支持 / 反对证据 · 2
支持证据
标本 · Deinocheirus gastroliths and stomach contents
More than a thousand gastroliths and fish remains in the body cavity.
标本： MPC-D 100/127
标本 · New Deinocheirus skeletons
Two skeletons showing an elongate snout, deep jaw, tall neural spines, a pygostyle, a U-shaped furcula, an expanded pelvis, short hind limbs and broad-tipped toe claws.
其他
Deinocheirus was the largest ornithomimosaur.
证据等级：有力证据Phylogenetic analysis of the new skeletons places it in Ornithomimosauria, the "ostrich dinosaurs", of which it is by far the biggest.
支持 / 反对证据 · 1
支持证据
标本 · New Deinocheirus skeletons
Two skeletons showing an elongate snout, deep jaw, tall neural spines, a pygostyle, a U-shaped furcula, an expanded pelvis, short hind limbs and broad-tipped toe claws.
体型
- 体长
- 11 m
- 身高
- 3.2 m文献范围 2.9–3.5 m
- 体重
- 6,360 kg
（36.1 英尺）
（10.5 英尺）
依据 MPC-D 100/127 (femur c. 1.32 m)
时间线
时代： 马斯特里赫特阶 (72.1–66 Ma), 晚白垩世 (100.5–66 Ma)
Maastrichtian bounds of the type collection in PBDB.
产地
地层
- Nemegt Formation · Ömnögovi Province
- Altan Uul III, Nemegt Basin, Ömnögovi · Nemegt Formation · Ömnögovi Province · 位置为近似值
这些是发现化石的地点，而不是该动物生活的全部范围。
生态系统
生活于： Nemegt
72–68 百万年前 · 河流水系, 泛滥平原, 森林, 沼泽 / 湿地
Wetter than the Djadokhta dunes before it: braided rivers, channels and floodplain forests in the Late Cretaceous Gobi, supporting large herbivores and the tyrannosaurid Tarbosaurus.
分类
- 演化支Dinosauria
- 演化支Saurischia
- 演化支Theropoda
- 演化支Coelurosauria
- 演化支Ornithomimosauria
- 科Deinocheiridae
- 属Deinocheirus
- 种Deinocheirus mirificus
分类地位： 有效
化石记录
| 编号 | 类型 | 收藏机构 | 发现年份 |
|---|---|---|---|
| MPC-D 100/18 | 正模标本 | Institute of Paleontology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences (MPC) | 1965 |
| MPC-D 100/127 | 归入标本 | Institute of Paleontology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences (MPC) | 2009 |
| MPC-D 100/128 | 归入标本 | Institute of Paleontology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences (MPC) | 2006 |
已发现的部分
正模标本: MPC-D 100/18
- 保存
- 部分保存
- 复原
- 未知 / 未记录
正模标本: MPC-D 100/18
按部位查看（表格）
| 部位 | 状态 |
|---|---|
| Skull | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Mandible | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Teeth | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Cervical vertebrae | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Dorsal vertebrae | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Sacrum | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Caudal vertebrae | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Ribs | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Gastralia | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Scapula / shoulder girdle | 保存 |
| Humerus | 保存 |
| Forearm (radius / ulna) | 保存 |
| Hand (manus) | 保存 |
| Pelvis | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Femur | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Tibia / fibula | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Foot (pes) | 未知 / 未记录 |
归入标本: MPC-D 100/127
按部位查看（表格）
| 部位 | 状态 |
|---|---|
| Skull | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Mandible | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Teeth | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Cervical vertebrae | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Dorsal vertebrae | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Sacrum | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Caudal vertebrae | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Ribs | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Gastralia | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Scapula / shoulder girdle | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Humerus | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Forearm (radius / ulna) | 保存 |
| Hand (manus) | 保存 |
| Pelvis | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Femur | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Tibia / fibula | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Foot (pes) | 未知 / 未记录 |
发现
- 命名年份
- 1970
- 命名者
- Halszka Osmólska & Ewa Roniewicz
- 模式标本
- MPC-D 100/18
发现时间线
1965 · 首次发现材料
Giant arms found at Altan Uul III
The Polish-Mongolian expedition collects a pair of 2.4 m forelimbs.
人物：Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska
1970 · 正式命名
Osmólska and Roniewicz name Deinocheirus
The "terrible hand" is named with its own family.
人物：Halszka Osmólska, Ewa Roniewicz
2014 · 重要研究
Deinocheirus mystery solved
Lee and colleagues describe two new skeletons revealing the whole animal.
人物：Yuong-Nam Lee, Philip J. Currie
参考文献
- (2026). Paleobiology Database: Deinocheirus occurrences. The Paleobiology Database (paleobiodb.org), data service 1.2, accessed 2026-09-23. https://paleobiodb.org/data1.2/occs/list.txt?base_name=Deinocheirus&show=coords,paleoloc,strat,loc,ref&pgm=gplates（在新标签页中打开）
- (2026). Wikipedia: Deinocheirus. Wikipedia (English), accessed 2026-09-23. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deinocheirus（在新标签页中打开）
- Cohen, K. M., Harper, D. A. T., Gibbard, P. L. & Car, N. (2023). International Chronostratigraphic Chart (v2023/09). International Commission on Stratigraphy. https://stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2023-09.pdf（在新标签页中打开）
- Lee, Y.-N., Barsbold, R., Currie, P. J., Kobayashi, Y., Lee, H.-J., Godefroit, P., Escuillié, F. & Chinzorig, T. (2014). Resolving the long-standing enigmas of a giant ornithomimosaur Deinocheirus mirificus. Nature 515: 257-260. doi:10.1038/nature13874（在新标签页中打开）
- Osmólska, H. & Roniewicz, E. (1970). Deinocheiridae, a new family of theropod dinosaurs. Palaeontologia Polonica 21: 5-19.
- Paul, G. S. (2016). The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs (2nd edition). Princeton University Press.