DinoDex
Large tyrannosaur with tiny arms and patterned skin walking in side view
Life restoration of the tyrannosaurid Tarbosaurus bataar.图片来源：Sauroarchive, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY 4.0来源（在新标签页中打开）

Tarbosaurus bataar

读音： TAR-boh-SORE-us bah-TAR

Coelurosauria · Tyrannosauridae

The Asian cousin of T. rex: a large tyrannosaurid from the Late Cretaceous Nemegt Formation of Mongolia, with a narrower skull, a lower-jaw locking joint and the smallest arms of its family relative to its size.

  • Bipedal
  • Giant
  • Apex predator
  • Skin impressions known
对比
时代
白垩纪· 马斯特里赫特阶
食性
肉食性
体长
10–12 m
体重
4,500–5,000 kg
地点
Ömnögovi Province, Mongolia, Asia

快速问答

Tarbosaurus bataar有多大？
Tarbosaurus bataar体长约10–12 m。髋部高约2.6–3 m。体重约4.5–5 t。 (Wikipedia: Tarbosaurus 2026; Currie 2003)
Tarbosaurus bataar生活在什么时候？
Tarbosaurus bataar生活在晚白垩世，约7210万至6600万年前。 (Paleobiology Database: Tarbosaurus occurrences 2026; Hurum & Sabath 2003)
在哪里发现过Tarbosaurus bataar的化石？
Tarbosaurus bataar的化石发现于Nemegt Formation (Ömnögovi Province)和Mongolia。 (Maleev 1955; Hurum & Sabath 2003)
Tarbosaurus bataar吃什么？
Tarbosaurus bataar是肉食性。 (Maleev 1955; Hurum & Sabath 2003)
Tarbosaurus bataar由谁命名，何时命名？
Tarbosaurus bataar由Evgeny A. Maleev于1955年描述。 (Maleev 1955; Hurum & Sabath 2003)

本页内容

TAR-boh-SORE-us bah-TAR

时代
白垩纪72.1–66 Ma
食性
肉食性
体长
10–12 m
体重
4.5–5 t
产地
Mongolia, Asia
分类
Coelurosauria · Tyrannosauridae
命名
1955, Evgeny A. Maleev

概览

此内容目前仅提供英文版。

Tarbosaurus bataar lived in what is now the Gobi Desert of Mongolia in the Late Cretaceous, among rivers and floodplains of the Nemegt Formation. Soviet-Mongolian expeditions of 1946-1949 found several tyrannosaurid skeletons in the Nemegt Basin, and Evgeny Maleev named the first one Tyrannosaurus bataar in 1955 (holotype PIN 551-1).

Maleev named several species from these skeletons; in 1965 Anatoly Rozhdestvensky merged them all into Tarbosaurus bataar. It is one of the best-known tyrannosaurids, with dozens of specimens from juveniles to adults.

Hurum and Sabath (2003) compared its skull with that of Tyrannosaurus: it is narrower, especially at the snout, and has a locking joint between two bones of the lower jaw. They proposed that Asian and North American tyrannosaurines form separate branches. A juvenile skull described in 2011 suggests that young and adult Tarbosaurus hunted different prey.

名称含义

"Alarming lizard", from Greek tarbos ("terror, alarm") and sauros ("lizard"); bataar, from Mongolian baatar ("hero") (Maleev 1955).

生物学与证据

科学家对这种动物生活方式的看法，以及每种观点的证据有多充分。

生物力学

  • Tarbosaurus had a locking joint in its lower jaw that T. rex lacked.

    证据等级：有力证据

    A ridge on one lower-jaw bone fits notches on the next, stiffening the jaw. It is linked to a different way of handling a crushing bite.

    支持 / 反对证据 · 1
    支持证据

    • 比较解剖学 · Tarbosaurus and Tyrannosaurus skull comparison

      Bone-by-bone comparison: a narrower skull and snout, a domed nasal less attached to other bones, and a dentary-angular interlock in the lower jaw.

      标本： PIN 551-1

其他

  • Asian and North American giant tyrannosaurs form separate branches.

    证据等级：假说

    Hurum and Sabath proposed that Tarbosaurus groups with Alioramus in Asia, apart from Daspletosaurus and Tyrannosaurus. Other analyses place Tarbosaurus as the closest relative of T. rex.

    支持 / 反对证据 · 1
    支持证据

    • 比较解剖学 · Tarbosaurus and Tyrannosaurus skull comparison

      Bone-by-bone comparison: a narrower skull and snout, a domed nasal less attached to other bones, and a dentary-angular interlock in the lower jaw.

      标本： PIN 551-1

体型

体长
10–12 m

（39.4 英尺）

依据 PIN 551-1 (about 10 m)

身高
2.8 m文献范围 2.6–3 m

（9.2 英尺）

依据 large adults (femur c. 1.1-1.2 m)

体重
4,500–5,000 kg

依据 PIN 551-1

Tarbosaurus bataar 体长约 12 米（39.4 英尺），约为身高 1.8 米的成年人的 6.7 倍。

时间线

生活在约 72.1 至 66 百万年前（Ma），属于中生代（252–66 Ma）。

时代： 马斯特里赫特阶 (72.1–66 Ma), 晚白垩世 (100.5–66 Ma)

Maastrichtian bounds of the type collection in PBDB. Hurum & Sabath give the Nemegt Formation as "?late Campanian/early Maastrichtian".

产地

地层

地图数据：Natural Earth（公有领域）。显示的是现代位置，而非当时大陆的位置。

这些是发现化石的地点，而不是该动物生活的全部范围。

生态系统

Restoration of Saichania and Tarbosaurus in the Nemegt Formation of Mongolia.图片来源：ABelov2014, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY 3.0来源（在新标签页中打开）

生活于： Nemegt

72–68 百万年前 · 河流水系, 泛滥平原, 森林, 沼泽 / 湿地

Wetter than the Djadokhta dunes before it: braided rivers, channels and floodplain forests in the Late Cretaceous Gobi, supporting large herbivores and the tyrannosaurid Tarbosaurus.

同一生态系统

Therizinosaurus cheloniformis

白垩纪· 马斯特里赫特阶植食性

同一生态系统

Deinocheirus mirificus

白垩纪· 马斯特里赫特阶杂食性

同一生态系统

Gallimimus bullatus

白垩纪· 马斯特里赫特阶杂食性

分类

  1. 演化支Dinosauria
  2. 演化支Saurischia
  3. 演化支Theropoda
  4. 演化支Coelurosauria
  5. 总科Tyrannosauroidea
  6. 科Tyrannosauridae
  7. 亚科Tyrannosaurinae
  8. 属Tarbosaurus
  9. 种Tarbosaurus bataar

分类地位： 有效

化石记录

Tarbosaurus bataar skeleton at the Museum of Evolution in Warsaw.图片来源：Adrian Grycuk, CC BY-SA 3.0 pl, via Wikimedia Commons (unmodified except resizing), Museum of Evolution, WarsawCC BY-SA 3.0（未修改）来源（在新标签页中打开）
标本
编号类型收藏机构发现年份
PIN 551-1正模标本Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (PIN)—
PIN 551-2副模标本Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (PIN)—

已发现的部分

正模标本: PIN 551-1

  • 保存
  • 部分保存
  • 复原
  • 未知 / 未记录
按部位查看（表格）
正模标本: PIN 551-1 的骨骼部位
部位状态
Skull保存
Mandible未知 / 未记录
Teeth未知 / 未记录
Cervical vertebrae未知 / 未记录
Dorsal vertebrae未知 / 未记录
Sacrum未知 / 未记录
Caudal vertebrae未知 / 未记录
Ribs未知 / 未记录
Gastralia未知 / 未记录
Scapula / shoulder girdle未知 / 未记录
Humerus未知 / 未记录
Forearm (radius / ulna)未知 / 未记录
Hand (manus)未知 / 未记录
Pelvis未知 / 未记录
Femur未知 / 未记录
Tibia / fibula未知 / 未记录
Foot (pes)未知 / 未记录
Skull of Tarbosaurus bataar MPC-D 100/60.图片来源：Jordi Payà Canals, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons (unmodified except resizing)CC BY-SA 2.0（未修改）来源（在新标签页中打开）

全部标本

发现

命名年份
1955
命名者
Evgeny A. Maleev
模式标本
PIN 551-1

发现时间线

  1. 1946 · 首次发现材料

    Soviet-Mongolian expeditions find tyrannosaurids in the Nemegt Basin

    Expeditions of 1946-1949 collect several large tyrannosaurid skeletons.

  2. 1955 · 正式命名

    Maleev names Tyrannosaurus bataar

    Maleev names the species, then several other Gobi tyrannosaurid species.

    人物：Evgeny Maleev

  3. 2003 · 重要研究

    Hurum and Sabath compare Tarbosaurus and T. rex skulls

    A bone-by-bone comparison of the two giant tyrannosaurs.

    人物：Jørn H. Hurum, Karol Sabath

参考文献

  1. (2026). Paleobiology Database: Tarbosaurus occurrences. The Paleobiology Database (paleobiodb.org), data service 1.2, accessed 2026-09-23. https://paleobiodb.org/data1.2/occs/list.txt?base_name=Tarbosaurus&show=coords,paleoloc,strat,loc,ref&pgm=gplates（在新标签页中打开）
  2. (2026). Wikipedia: Tarbosaurus. Wikipedia (English), accessed 2026-09-23. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarbosaurus（在新标签页中打开）
  3. Cohen, K. M., Harper, D. A. T., Gibbard, P. L. & Car, N. (2023). International Chronostratigraphic Chart (v2023/09). International Commission on Stratigraphy. https://stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2023-09.pdf（在新标签页中打开）
  4. Currie, P. J. (2003). Allometric growth in tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of North America and Asia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 40: 651-665. doi:10.1139/e02-083（在新标签页中打开）
  5. Hurum, J. H. & Sabath, K. (2003). Giant theropod dinosaurs from Asia and North America: skulls of Tarbosaurus bataar and Tyrannosaurus rex compared. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48(2): 161-190. https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app48/app48-161.pdf（在新标签页中打开）
  6. Maleev, E. A. (1955). Giant carnivorous dinosaurs of Mongolia. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 104(4): 634-637 (in Russian).
  7. Paul, G. S. (2016). The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs (2nd edition). Princeton University Press.
  8. Tsuihiji, T., Watabe, M., Tsogtbaatar, K., Tsubamoto, T., Barsbold, R., Suzuki, S., Lee, A. H., Ridgely, R. C., Kawahara, Y. & Witmer, L. M. (2011). Cranial osteology of a juvenile specimen of Tarbosaurus bataar (Theropoda, Tyrannosauridae) from the Nemegt Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Bugin Tsav, Mongolia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31: 497-517. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.557116（在新标签页中打开）