DinoDex
Tall, pot-bellied feathered dinosaur with enormous hand claws, in side view
Life restoration of Therizinosaurus cheloniformis, with claws and arms based on the holotype PIN 551-483 and specimens MPC-D 100/15-17.图片来源：PaleoNeolitic, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY 4.0来源（在新标签页中打开）

Therizinosaurus cheloniformis

读音： THER-ih-ZIN-oh-SORE-us keh-LOH-nih-FOR-mis

Therizinosauria · Therizinosauridae

A giant therizinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Nemegt Formation of Mongolia, known mainly from its arms and huge hand claws. A theropod that most likely ate plants.

  • Feathered
  • Bipedal
  • Giant
  • Giant claws
  • Unusual anatomy
对比
时代
白垩纪· 马斯特里赫特阶
食性
植食性
体长
9–10 m
体重
5,000 kg
地点
Mongolia, Ömnögovi Province

快速问答

Therizinosaurus cheloniformis有多大？
Therizinosaurus cheloniformis体长约9–10 m。髋部高约2.8–3.5 m。体重约5 t。 (Paul 2010; Paul 2016)
Therizinosaurus cheloniformis生活在什么时候？
Therizinosaurus cheloniformis生活在晚白垩世，约7210万至6600万年前。 (Cohen et al. 2023; Zanno 2010)
在哪里发现过Therizinosaurus cheloniformis的化石？
Therizinosaurus cheloniformis的化石发现于Nemegt Formation (Ömnögovi Province)和Mongolia。 (Maleev 1954; Zanno 2010)
Therizinosaurus cheloniformis吃什么？
Therizinosaurus cheloniformis是植食性。 (Maleev 1954; Zanno 2010)
Therizinosaurus cheloniformis由谁命名，何时命名？
Therizinosaurus cheloniformis由Evgeny Maleev于1954年描述。 (Maleev 1954; Zanno 2010)
Therizinosaurus cheloniformis出现在《侏罗纪公园》里吗？
是的。Therizinosaurus cheloniformis出现在《侏罗纪世界3》 (2022)中。电影有不少虚构成分；本页将其与化石证据进行了对比。 (Wikipedia: Dinosaurs in Jurassic Park 2026; Lautenschlager 2014)

本页内容

时代
白垩纪72.1–66 Ma
食性
植食性
体长
9–10 m
体重
5 t
产地
Mongolia
分类
Therizinosauria · Therizinosauridae
命名
1954, Evgeny Maleev

概览

此内容目前仅提供英文版。

Therizinosaurus cheloniformis lived in what is now the Gobi Desert of Mongolia in the Late Cretaceous. Evgeny Maleev named it in 1954 from enormous flat claws found by a Soviet-Mongolian expedition in the Nemegt Formation, and he took them for the remains of a giant turtle-like reptile.

Later finds of arms and hind limbs showed it was a theropod, part of the strange group Therizinosauria (Zanno 2010). Its relatives had small heads, long necks, broad bellies and four-toed feet. Therizinosaurus itself is known only from limbs and a few other bones, so its full body is reconstructed from those relatives.

Its hand claws are among the longest of any known animal. Despite belonging to the meat-eating theropods, therizinosaurs show leaf-shaped teeth, beaks and wide guts, and Zanno and Makovicky (2011) treat the group as herbivorous. The claws were probably used for pulling down branches, display or defence rather than hunting.

名称含义

From Greek therizo ("to reap") and sauros ("lizard"): "reaping lizard", for the scythe-like claws; cheloniformis means "turtle-shaped", from Maleev's first interpretation (Maleev 1954).

生物学与证据

科学家对这种动物生活方式的看法，以及每种观点的证据有多充分。

进食

  • Therizinosaurus was mainly a plant-eater.

    证据等级：中等证据

    No skull of Therizinosaurus is known, but its relatives have plant-eater teeth, beaks and wide bellies. It is inferred from them, which is why the evidence is moderate rather than strong.

    支持 / 反对证据 · 1
    支持证据

    • 比较解剖学 · Therizinosaur leaf-shaped teeth and beaks

      Relatives of Therizinosaurus with skulls show leaf-shaped cheek teeth and a toothless beak at the front of the jaws, as in plant-eaters.

羽毛

  • Therizinosaurus probably had some feathers.

    证据等级：假说

    No skin or feathers are known from Therizinosaurus. Smaller relatives had filament feathers, but very large animals may have lost much of their coat, so this is an inference.

    支持 / 反对证据 · 1
    支持证据

    • 羽毛印痕 · Filamentous feathers on Beipiaosaurus

      A smaller Early Cretaceous therizinosaur from China preserved with feather-like filaments.

生物力学

  • The giant claws of Therizinosaurus were used to pull branches, not to dig or kill.

    证据等级：假说

    Computer models show the long, gently curved claws would break under digging loads but could hook and pull branches. Display and defence are also possible.

    支持 / 反对证据 · 1
    支持证据

    • 生物力学模型 · Therizinosaur claw finite-element models

      Models of therizinosaur claws find the long, straight claws of Therizinosaurus poorly suited to digging and better for pulling vegetation or display.

      标本： PIN 551-483

体型

体长
9–10 m

（32.8 英尺）

身高
3.1 m文献范围 2.8–3.5 m

（10.2 英尺）

依据 IGM 100/45 (partial hindlimb)

体重
5,000 kg
Therizinosaurus cheloniformis 体长约 10 米（32.8 英尺），约为身高 1.8 米的成年人的 5.6 倍。

时间线

生活在约 72.1 至 66 百万年前（Ma），属于中生代（252–66 Ma）。

时代： 马斯特里赫特阶 (72.1–66 Ma), 晚白垩世 (100.5–66 Ma)

Ages are the ICS 2023/09 bounds of the Maastrichtian, the stage(s) the fossils are assigned to; they bracket the record and are not dated first/last appearances. The Nemegt Formation is usually considered early Maastrichtian, but it has no radiometric dates; some authors allow a late Campanian age.

产地

地层

地图数据：Natural Earth（公有领域）。显示的是现代位置，而非当时大陆的位置。

这些是发现化石的地点，而不是该动物生活的全部范围。

生态系统

Nemegt Formation scene with Therizinosaurus, the pachycephalosaur Prenocephale and the dromaeosaurid Adasaurus.图片来源：ABelov2014, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY 3.0来源（在新标签页中打开）

生活于： Nemegt

72–68 百万年前 · 河流水系, 泛滥平原, 森林, 沼泽 / 湿地

Wetter than the Djadokhta dunes before it: braided rivers, channels and floodplain forests in the Late Cretaceous Gobi, supporting large herbivores and the tyrannosaurid Tarbosaurus.

同一生态系统

Tarbosaurus bataar

白垩纪· 马斯特里赫特阶肉食性

同一生态系统

Deinocheirus mirificus

白垩纪· 马斯特里赫特阶杂食性

同一生态系统

Gallimimus bullatus

白垩纪· 马斯特里赫特阶杂食性

分类

  1. 演化支Dinosauria
  2. 演化支Saurischia
  3. 演化支Theropoda
  4. 演化支Coelurosauria
  5. 演化支Maniraptora
  6. 演化支Therizinosauria
  7. 科Therizinosauridae
  8. 属Therizinosaurus
  9. 种Therizinosaurus cheloniformis

分类地位： 有效

化石记录

Forelimbs of Therizinosaurus cheloniformis MPC-D 100/15 with their giant claws.图片来源：Pablo Rodríguez, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons (unmodified except resizing)CC BY-SA 2.0（未修改）来源（在新标签页中打开）
标本
编号类型收藏机构发现年份
PIN 551-483正模标本Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (PIN)1948
MPC-D 100/15归入标本Institute of Paleontology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences (MPC)—

已发现的部分

正模标本: PIN 551-483

  • 保存
  • 部分保存
  • 复原
  • 未知 / 未记录

正模标本: PIN 551-483

按部位查看（表格）
正模标本: PIN 551-483 的骨骼部位
部位状态
Skull未知 / 未记录
Mandible未知 / 未记录
Teeth未知 / 未记录
Cervical vertebrae未知 / 未记录
Dorsal vertebrae未知 / 未记录
Sacrum未知 / 未记录
Caudal vertebrae未知 / 未记录
Ribs部分保存 · Rib fragment.
Gastralia未知 / 未记录
Scapula / shoulder girdle未知 / 未记录
Humerus未知 / 未记录
Forearm (radius / ulna)未知 / 未记录
Hand (manus)部分保存 · Three ungual claws.
Pelvis未知 / 未记录
Femur未知 / 未记录
Tibia / fibula未知 / 未记录
Foot (pes)未知 / 未记录

归入标本: MPC-D 100/15

按部位查看（表格）
归入标本: MPC-D 100/15 的骨骼部位
部位状态
Skull未知 / 未记录
Mandible未知 / 未记录
Teeth未知 / 未记录
Cervical vertebrae未知 / 未记录
Dorsal vertebrae未知 / 未记录
Sacrum未知 / 未记录
Caudal vertebrae未知 / 未记录
Ribs未知 / 未记录
Gastralia未知 / 未记录
Scapula / shoulder girdle保存
Humerus保存
Forearm (radius / ulna)保存
Hand (manus)部分保存
Pelvis未知 / 未记录
Femur未知 / 未记录
Tibia / fibula未知 / 未记录
Foot (pes)未知 / 未记录
Labelled diagram of the Therizinosaurus arm MPC-D 100/15 beside a human for scale, after Barsbold (1976).图片来源：PaleoNeolitic, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsCC BY 4.0来源（在新标签页中打开）

全部标本

发现

命名年份
1954
命名者
Evgeny Maleev
模式标本
PIN 551-483

发现时间线

  1. 1948 · 首次发现材料

    Soviet-Mongolian expedition collects giant claws

    Huge flat claws are collected in the Nemegt Basin.

  2. 1954 · 正式命名

    Maleev names Therizinosaurus as a turtle-like reptile

    Maleev names the animal and interprets it as a giant turtle-like reptile.

    人物：Evgeny Maleev

  3. 1976 · 重要研究

    Barsbold describes Therizinosaurus arms

    New arm material shows Therizinosaurus was a dinosaur with enormous hands.

    人物：Rinchen Barsbold

《侏罗纪公园》与《侏罗纪世界》中的形象

电影

  • 侏罗纪世界3 (2022)

此内容目前仅提供英文版。

银幕形象

A feathered, near-blind giant with scythe-like claws that impales the Giganotosaurus at the climax of Dominion.

电影与化石对比

  • It was a plant eater: the giant claws were probably for pulling down branches, not for fighting predators.
  • Feathers are plausible: a close relative preserves feather-like filaments.

电影名称仅用于识别。DinoDex 与《侏罗纪公园》/《侏罗纪世界》系列无任何关联，也未获其认可。 所有在电影中出现的恐龙

参考文献

  1. (2026). Wikipedia: Dinosaurs in Jurassic Park. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinosaurs_in_Jurassic_Park（在新标签页中打开）
  2. Cohen, K. M., Harper, D. A. T., Gibbard, P. L. & Car, N. (2023). International Chronostratigraphic Chart (v2023/09). International Commission on Stratigraphy. https://stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2023-09.pdf（在新标签页中打开）
  3. Lautenschlager, S. (2014). Morphological and functional diversity in therizinosaur claws and the implications for theropod claw evolution. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 281: 20140497. doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.0497（在新标签页中打开）
  4. Maleev, E. A. (1954). Novyy cherepakhoobraznyy yashcher v Mongolii [New turtle-like reptile in Mongolia]. Priroda 1954(3): 106-108.
  5. Paul, G. S. (2010). The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs. Princeton University Press.
  6. Paul, G. S. (2016). The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs (2nd edition). Princeton University Press.
  7. Xu, X., Tang, Z. & Wang, X. (1999). A therizinosauroid dinosaur with integumentary structures from China. Nature 399: 350-354. doi:10.1038/20670（在新标签页中打开）
  8. Zanno, L. E. (2010). A taxonomic and phylogenetic re-evaluation of Therizinosauria (Dinosauria: Maniraptora). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 8(4): 503-543. doi:10.1080/14772011003644595（在新标签页中打开）
  9. Zanno, L. E. & Makovicky, P. J. (2011). Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108(1): 232-237. doi:10.1073/pnas.1011924108（在新标签页中打开）