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Stegosaurus with two alternating rows of plates and a spiked tail, in side view
Life restoration of Stegosaurus stenops based on the 'Sophie' specimen.图片来源：Fred Wierum, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons (unmodified except resizing)CC BY-SA 4.0（未修改）来源（在新标签页中打开）

Stegosaurus stenops

读音： STEG-oh-SORE-us STEN-ops

Thyreophora · Stegosauridae

A plated thyreophoran from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation of the western United States, with two rows of tall bony plates along its back and four tail spikes. Known from the exceptionally complete specimen "Sophie".

  • Armored
  • Quadrupedal
  • Famous specimen
  • Unusual anatomy
  • Movie icon
对比
时代
侏罗纪· 钦莫利阶
食性
植食性
体长
6.5 m
体重
1,560 kg文献范围 1,080–2,260 kg
地点
Colorado, Wyoming

快速问答

Stegosaurus stenops有多大？
Stegosaurus stenops体长约6.5 m。髋部高约2–2.6 m。体重约1.1–2.3 t。 (Paul 2016; Brassey et al. 2015)
Stegosaurus stenops生活在什么时候？
Stegosaurus stenops生活在晚侏罗世，约1.548亿至1.45亿年前。 (Cohen et al. 2023; Maidment et al. 2015)
在哪里发现过Stegosaurus stenops的化石？
Stegosaurus stenops的化石发现于Morrison Formation (Colorado)和Wyoming。 (Marsh 1887; Maidment et al. 2015)
Stegosaurus stenops吃什么？
Stegosaurus stenops是植食性。 (Marsh 1887; Maidment et al. 2015)
Stegosaurus stenops由谁命名，何时命名？
Stegosaurus stenops由Othniel Charles Marsh于1887年描述。 (Marsh 1887)
Stegosaurus stenops出现在《侏罗纪公园》里吗？
是的。Stegosaurus stenops出现在《失落的世界：侏罗纪公园》 (1997)、《侏罗纪公园3》 (2001)、《侏罗纪世界》 (2015)、《侏罗纪世界2》 (2018)和《侏罗纪世界3》 (2022)中。电影有不少虚构成分；本页将其与化石证据进行了对比。 (Wikipedia: Dinosaurs in Jurassic Park 2026; Maidment et al. 2015)

本页内容

STEG-oh-SORE-us STEN-ops

时代
侏罗纪154.8–145 Ma
食性
植食性
体长
6.5 m
体重
1.6 t
分类
Thyreophora · Stegosauridae
命名
1887, Othniel Charles Marsh

概览

此内容目前仅提供英文版。

Stegosaurus stenops lived in western North America in the Late Jurassic, and its fossils come from the Morrison Formation. O. C. Marsh named the species in 1887 from a nearly complete, articulated skeleton (USNM 4934) collected at Garden Park, Colorado.

It was a four-legged plant eater with a small, narrow head, two alternating rows of large plates along its back and two pairs of spikes at the end of the tail. The best-known individual, NHMUK PV R36730 ("Sophie"), from Red Canyon Ranch in Wyoming, is about 85 percent complete; Maidment et al. (2015) found it was not fully grown.

Brassey et al. (2015) modelled Sophie's volume and estimated about 1.6 tonnes, noting that equations based on limb bones give much higher values. Full-grown animals were larger.

名称含义

From Greek stegos ("roof") and sauros ("lizard"), as Marsh first thought the plates lay flat like roof tiles; stenops means "narrow face" (Marsh 1887).

生物学与证据

科学家对这种动物生活方式的看法，以及每种观点的证据有多充分。

行为

  • Stegosaurus used its tail spikes to defend itself against predators such as Allosaurus.

    证据等级：有力证据

    An Allosaurus bone has a hole that matches a Stegosaurus spike, and many spikes are broken and healed at the tip. Both show the spikes hit things hard, and the most likely targets were predators.

    支持 / 反对证据 · 2
    支持证据

    • 标本 · Allosaurus vertebra pierced by a Stegosaurus spike

      An Allosaurus tail vertebra with a healed puncture matching the size and shape of a Stegosaurus tail spike.

    • 标本 · Damaged and broken Stegosaurus tail spikes

      A notable share of Stegosaurus tail spikes are broken and remodelled at the tip, consistent with use in impacts.

其他

  • The plates of Stegosaurus were mainly for display.

    证据等级：假说

    The plates were probably too thin to protect and their blood vessels are what any growing bone needs. Display or recognition is the leading idea, with heat control a possible side effect, but a function cannot be observed in fossils.

    支持 / 反对证据 · 1
    支持证据

    • 组织学 · Stegosaurus plate histology

      Thin sections of the plates show thin bone with many blood channels; the internal structure fits growth of a keratin-covered display structure better than a dedicated radiator.

  • The plates of Stegosaurus stood in two staggered rows along its back.

    证据等级：直接证据

    Skeletons found with the plates still in position show the arrangement directly: two rows, offset from each other.

    支持 / 反对证据 · 1
    支持证据

体型

体长
6.5 m

（21.3 英尺）

身高
2.3 m文献范围 2–2.6 m

（7.5 英尺）

依据 NHMUK PV R36730 ("Sophie")

体重
1,560 kg文献范围 1,080–2,260 kg

依据 NHMUK PV R36730 "Sophie" (not fully grown)

Stegosaurus stenops 体长约 6.5 米（21.3 英尺），约为身高 1.8 米的成年人的 3.6 倍。

时间线

生活在约 154.8 至 145 百万年前（Ma），属于中生代（252–66 Ma）。

时代： 钦莫利阶 (154.8–149.2 Ma), 提塘阶 (149.2–145 Ma), 晚侏罗世 (161.5–145 Ma)

Ages are the ICS 2023/09 bounds of the Kimmeridgian and Tithonian, the stage(s) the fossils are assigned to; they bracket the record and are not dated first/last appearances.

产地

地层

地图数据：Natural Earth（公有领域）。显示的是现代位置，而非当时大陆的位置。

这些是发现化石的地点，而不是该动物生活的全部范围。

生态系统

生活于： Morrison

156–147 百万年前 · 泛滥平原, 河流水系, 疏林, 湖泊

A vast, seasonally dry floodplain crossed by rivers in the western interior of North America in the Late Jurassic, with a wet and a dry season, conifer and fern vegetation along the water and giant sauropods in abundance.

同一生态系统

Allosaurus fragilis

侏罗纪· 钦莫利阶肉食性

同一生态系统

Brachiosaurus altithorax

侏罗纪· 钦莫利阶植食性

同一生态系统

Brontosaurus excelsus

侏罗纪· 钦莫利阶植食性

同一生态系统

Diplodocus carnegii

侏罗纪· 钦莫利阶植食性

同一生态系统

Apatosaurus ajax

侏罗纪· 钦莫利阶植食性

同一生态系统

Ceratosaurus nasicornis

侏罗纪· 钦莫利阶肉食性

分类

  1. 演化支Dinosauria
  2. 演化支Ornithischia
  3. 演化支Thyreophora
  4. 科Stegosauridae
  5. 属Stegosaurus
  6. 种Stegosaurus stenops

分类地位： 有效

化石记录

Tail and spikes of 'Sophie' (NHMUK PV R36730), one of the most complete Stegosaurus stenops specimens, at the Natural History Museum, London.图片来源：Emőke Dénes, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons (unmodified except resizing), Natural History Museum, LondonCC BY-SA 4.0（未修改）来源（在新标签页中打开）
标本
编号类型收藏机构发现年份
USNM 4934 “Road Kill”正模标本National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (USNM)1886
NHMUK PV R36730 “Sophie”归入标本Natural History Museum, London (NHMUK)2003

已发现的部分

正模标本: USNM 4934 “Road Kill”

  • 保存
  • 部分保存
  • 复原
  • 未知 / 未记录

正模标本: USNM 4934 “Road Kill”

按部位查看（表格）
正模标本: USNM 4934 “Road Kill” 的骨骼部位
部位状态
Skull保存
Mandible未知 / 未记录
Teeth未知 / 未记录
Cervical vertebrae保存
Dorsal vertebrae保存
Sacrum未知 / 未记录
Caudal vertebrae部分保存
Ribs未知 / 未记录
Gastralia未知 / 未记录
Scapula / shoulder girdle未知 / 未记录
Humerus保存
Forearm (radius / ulna)未知 / 未记录
Hand (manus)未知 / 未记录
Pelvis部分保存
Femur保存
Tibia / fibula未知 / 未记录
Foot (pes)未知 / 未记录

归入标本: NHMUK PV R36730 “Sophie”

按部位查看（表格）
归入标本: NHMUK PV R36730 “Sophie” 的骨骼部位
部位状态
Skull保存
Mandible保存
Teeth未知 / 未记录
Cervical vertebrae保存
Dorsal vertebrae保存
Sacrum未知 / 未记录
Caudal vertebrae保存
Ribs保存
Gastralia未知 / 未记录
Scapula / shoulder girdle未知 / 未记录
Humerus保存
Forearm (radius / ulna)保存
Hand (manus)未知 / 未记录
Pelvis保存
Femur保存
Tibia / fibula保存
Foot (pes)部分保存
Head and neck of a Stegosaurus skeleton reconstruction at the Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt, showing the small skull and throat ossicles.图片来源：EvaK, CC BY-SA 2.5, via Wikimedia Commons (unmodified except resizing), Senckenberg NaturmuseumCC BY-SA 2.5（未修改）来源（在新标签页中打开）

图库

Historical reconstruction: Charles R. Knight's Field Museum painting of Stegosaurus, with a drooping tail now considered outdated.图片来源：Charles R. Knight, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons公有领域

全部标本

发现

命名年份
1887
命名者
Othniel Charles Marsh
模式标本
USNM 4934
The Stegosaurus stenops holotype USNM 4934 as it was found, figured by Charles W. Gilmore (1914).图片来源：Charles W. Gilmore, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons公有领域来源（在新标签页中打开）

发现时间线

  1. 1886 · 标本出土

    Felch finds the "Road Kill" Stegosaurus at Garden Park

    Marshall Felch collects an articulated Stegosaurus for Marsh in Garden Park, Colorado.

    人物：Marshall P. Felch

  2. 1887 · 正式命名

    Marsh names Stegosaurus stenops

    Marsh describes the skull and armour of Stegosaurus and names S. stenops.

    人物：Othniel Charles Marsh

  3. 2013 · 修订

    S. stenops made the type species of Stegosaurus

    After a petition by Galton (2010), the ICZN replaces the undiagnostic S. armatus with S. stenops as the type species.

  4. 2015 · 重要研究

    Sophie described

    The most complete Stegosaurus is described and its mass estimated.

《侏罗纪公园》与《侏罗纪世界》中的形象

电影

  • 失落的世界：侏罗纪公园 (1997)
  • 侏罗纪公园3 (2001)
  • 侏罗纪世界 (2015)
  • 侏罗纪世界2 (2018)
  • 侏罗纪世界3 (2022)

此内容目前仅提供英文版。

银幕形象

Plated herbivores that defend their young in The Lost World, then brief appearances in each later film.

电影与化石对比

  • Jurassic World shows the tail dragging low; the skeleton points to a tail held more horizontally.
  • The tail spikes were real weapons: an Allosaurus tail bone carries a wound that matches a Stegosaurus spike.

电影名称仅用于识别。DinoDex 与《侏罗纪公园》/《侏罗纪世界》系列无任何关联，也未获其认可。 所有在电影中出现的恐龙

参考文献

  1. (2026). Wikipedia: Dinosaurs in Jurassic Park. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinosaurs_in_Jurassic_Park（在新标签页中打开）
  2. Brassey, C. A., Maidment, S. C. R. & Barrett, P. M. (2015). Body mass estimates of an exceptionally complete Stegosaurus (Ornithischia: Thyreophora): comparing volumetric and linear bivariate mass estimation methods. Biology Letters 11(3): 20140984. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2014.0984（在新标签页中打开）
  3. Carpenter, K., Sanders, F., McWhinney, L. A. & Wood, L. (2005). Evidence for predator-prey relationships: examples for Allosaurus and Stegosaurus. In Carpenter, K. (ed.), The Carnivorous Dinosaurs, Indiana University Press, pp. 325-350.
  4. Cohen, K. M., Harper, D. A. T., Gibbard, P. L. & Car, N. (2023). International Chronostratigraphic Chart (v2023/09). International Commission on Stratigraphy. https://stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2023-09.pdf（在新标签页中打开）
  5. Maidment, S. C. R., Brassey, C. & Barrett, P. M. (2015). The postcranial skeleton of an exceptionally complete individual of the plated dinosaur Stegosaurus stenops (Dinosauria: Thyreophora) from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Wyoming, U.S.A.. PLoS ONE 10(10): e0138352. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138352（在新标签页中打开）
  6. Marsh, O. C. (1887). Principal characters of American Jurassic dinosaurs. Part IX. The skull and dermal armor of Stegosaurus. American Journal of Science (series 3) 34: 413-417.
  7. Paul, G. S. (2016). The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs (2nd edition). Princeton University Press.