Giganotosaurus carolinii
读音： JIG-an-OH-toe-SORE-us kar-oh-LEE-nee-eye
Tetanurae · Carcharodontosauridae
A giant carcharodontosaurid theropod from the Cenomanian of Patagonia, Argentina, and one of the largest land predators known, rivalling Tyrannosaurus rex in length.
- Bipedal
- Giant
- Apex predator
- Movie icon
- 时代
- 白垩纪· 塞诺曼阶
- 食性
- 肉食性
- 体长
- 12.5–13.2 m
- 体重
- 6,000–8,000 kg
- 地点
- Argentina, Neuquén Province
快速问答
- Giganotosaurus carolinii有多大？
- Giganotosaurus carolinii体长约12.5–13.2 m。髋部高约3–3.6 m。体重约6–8 t。 (Coria & Salgado 1995; Calvo & Coria 1998)
- Giganotosaurus carolinii生活在什么时候？
- Giganotosaurus carolinii生活在晚白垩世，约1.005亿至9390万年前。 (Cohen et al. 2023; Coria & Salgado 1995)
- 在哪里发现过Giganotosaurus carolinii的化石？
- Giganotosaurus carolinii的化石发现于Candeleros Formation (Neuquén Province)和Argentina。 (Coria & Salgado 1995; Calvo & Coria 1998)
- Giganotosaurus carolinii吃什么？
- Giganotosaurus carolinii是肉食性。 (Coria & Salgado 1995; Calvo & Coria 1998)
- Giganotosaurus carolinii由谁命名，何时命名？
- Giganotosaurus carolinii由Rodolfo Coria & Leonardo Salgado于1995年描述。 (Coria & Salgado 1995)
- Giganotosaurus carolinii出现在《侏罗纪公园》里吗？
- 是的。Giganotosaurus carolinii出现在《侏罗纪世界3》 (2022)中。电影有不少虚构成分；本页将其与化石证据进行了对比。 (Wikipedia: Dinosaurs in Jurassic Park 2026; Coria & Salgado 1995)
本页内容
- 时代
- 白垩纪100.5–93.9 Ma
- 食性
- 肉食性
- 体长
- 12.5–13.2 m
- 体重
- 6–8 t
- 产地
- Argentina
- 分类
- Tetanurae · Carcharodontosauridae
- 命名
- 1995, Rodolfo Coria & Leonardo Salgado
概览
此内容目前仅提供英文版。
Giganotosaurus carolinii lived in what is now Neuquén Province, Argentina, during the Cenomanian, early in the Late Cretaceous. Amateur fossil hunter Rubén Carolini found the holotype (MUCPv-Ch 1) in the Candeleros Formation in 1993, and Rodolfo Coria and Leonardo Salgado named it in 1995.
It belonged to the Carcharodontosauridae, a group of large allosauroids, and was only distantly related to Tyrannosaurus. Its skull was long and narrow with blade-like teeth.
Coria and Salgado (1995) estimated the holotype at about 12.5 m and 6 to 8 tonnes. A larger referred lower jaw (MUCPv-95) suggests some individuals were bigger, and mass estimates vary widely between methods.
名称含义
From Greek gigas ("giant"), notos ("south") and sauros ("lizard"): "giant southern lizard"; carolinii honours its discoverer, Rubén Carolini (Coria & Salgado 1995).
生物学与证据
科学家对这种动物生活方式的看法，以及每种观点的证据有多充分。
牙齿
Giganotosaurus had thin, blade-like teeth for slicing flesh, not for crushing bone.
证据等级：有力证据Its teeth are flattened blades with serrations, like those of other carcharodontosaurids, and its jaws are lighter than those of T. rex.
支持 / 反对证据 · 1
支持证据
比较解剖学 · Giganotosaurus blade-like teeth and narrow jaws
Thin, serrated teeth and a relatively narrow, lightly built snout, suited to slicing flesh rather than crushing bone.
标本： MUCPv-Ch 1
社会生活
Giganotosaurus may have hunted in groups.
证据等级：薄弱证据The evidence is indirect: several individuals of its relative Mapusaurus were found together. A shared death site does not prove they lived or hunted together.
支持 / 反对证据 · 1
支持证据
标本 · Mapusaurus multi-individual bonebed
A bonebed with at least seven individuals of the related carcharodontosaurid Mapusaurus, of different sizes.
其他
Giganotosaurus was larger than Tyrannosaurus rex.
证据等级：有争议The two were of comparable size. Estimates depend on incomplete skeletons and on the method used, and the ranges overlap; neither can be declared bigger with confidence.
支持 / 反对证据 · 1
支持证据
比较解剖学 · Skull-length size estimates for Giganotosaurus
Body size estimated from skull length and from the larger dentary MUCPv-95; results overlap with the largest T. rex.
标本： MUCPv-Ch 1, MUCPv-95
体型
- 体长
- 12.5–13.2 m
- 身高
- 3.3 m文献范围 3–3.6 m
- 体重
- 6,000–8,000 kg
（43.3 英尺）
依据 MUCPv-Ch 1 (holotype); MUCPv-95 (referred dentary) for the upper value
（10.8 英尺）
依据 MUCPv-Ch 1 (holotype, femur c. 1.37 m)
依据 MUCPv-Ch 1 (holotype)
时间线
时代： 塞诺曼阶 (100.5–93.9 Ma), 晚白垩世 (100.5–66 Ma)
Ages are the ICS 2023/09 bounds of the Cenomanian, the stage(s) the fossils are assigned to; they bracket the record and are not dated first/last appearances.
产地
地层
- Candeleros Formation · Neuquén Province
- Giganotosaurus type locality, near Villa El Chocón, Neuquén · Candeleros Formation · Neuquén Province · 位置为近似值
这些是发现化石的地点，而不是该动物生活的全部范围。
生态系统
生活于： Candeleros
100.5–93.9 百万年前 · 河流水系, 泛滥平原, 沙漠 / 沙丘
Braided rivers, floodplains and seasonal dune fields in the Cenomanian of northern Patagonia, home to giant rebbachisaurid and titanosaur sauropods and to Giganotosaurus.
分类
- 演化支Dinosauria
- 演化支Saurischia
- 演化支Theropoda
- 演化支Tetanurae
- 总科Allosauroidea
- 科Carcharodontosauridae
- 属Giganotosaurus
- 种Giganotosaurus carolinii
分类地位： 有效
化石记录
| 编号 | 类型 | 收藏机构 | 发现年份 |
|---|---|---|---|
| MUCPv-Ch 1 | 正模标本 | Museo Municipal Ernesto Bachmann (MUCPv-Ch) | 1993 |
| MUCPv-95 | 归入标本 | Museo Municipal Ernesto Bachmann (MUCPv-Ch) | — |
已发现的部分
正模标本: MUCPv-Ch 1
- 保存
- 部分保存
- 复原
- 未知 / 未记录
正模标本: MUCPv-Ch 1
按部位查看（表格）
| 部位 | 状态 |
|---|---|
| Skull | 部分保存 |
| Mandible | 部分保存 |
| Teeth | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Cervical vertebrae | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Dorsal vertebrae | 部分保存 |
| Sacrum | 部分保存 |
| Caudal vertebrae | 部分保存 |
| Ribs | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Gastralia | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Scapula / shoulder girdle | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Humerus | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Forearm (radius / ulna) | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Hand (manus) | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Pelvis | 部分保存 |
| Femur | 保存 |
| Tibia / fibula | 保存 |
| Foot (pes) | 未知 / 未记录 |
归入标本: MUCPv-95
按部位查看（表格）
| 部位 | 状态 |
|---|---|
| Skull | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Mandible | 部分保存 · Dentary only. |
| Teeth | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Cervical vertebrae | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Dorsal vertebrae | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Sacrum | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Caudal vertebrae | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Ribs | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Gastralia | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Scapula / shoulder girdle | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Humerus | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Forearm (radius / ulna) | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Hand (manus) | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Pelvis | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Femur | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Tibia / fibula | 未知 / 未记录 |
| Foot (pes) | 未知 / 未记录 |
发现
- 命名年份
- 1995
- 命名者
- Rodolfo Coria & Leonardo Salgado
- 模式标本
- MUCPv-Ch 1
发现时间线
1993 · 首次发现材料
Rubén Carolini finds Giganotosaurus
An amateur fossil hunter finds the skeleton near Villa El Chocón, Neuquén.
人物：Rubén Carolini
1995 · 正式命名
Coria and Salgado name Giganotosaurus carolinii
Published in Nature as a giant carnivore from Patagonia.
人物：Rodolfo Coria, Leonardo Salgado
1998 · 重要研究
A larger Giganotosaurus dentary described
Calvo and Coria describe a dentary suggesting an even larger individual.
《侏罗纪公园》与《侏罗纪世界》中的形象
电影
- 侏罗纪世界3 (2022)
此内容目前仅提供英文版。
银幕形象
Dominion's main dinosaur villain, billed as the largest carnivore that ever lived.
电影与化石对比
- It was about as big as T. rex, not clearly bigger; Spinosaurus was probably longer than both.
电影名称仅用于识别。DinoDex 与《侏罗纪公园》/《侏罗纪世界》系列无任何关联，也未获其认可。 所有在电影中出现的恐龙
参考文献
- (2026). Wikipedia: Dinosaurs in Jurassic Park. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinosaurs_in_Jurassic_Park（在新标签页中打开）
- Calvo, J. O. & Coria, R. A. (1998). New specimen of Giganotosaurus carolinii (Coria & Salgado, 1995), supports it as the largest theropod ever found. Gaia 15: 117-122.
- Cohen, K. M., Harper, D. A. T., Gibbard, P. L. & Car, N. (2023). International Chronostratigraphic Chart (v2023/09). International Commission on Stratigraphy. https://stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2023-09.pdf（在新标签页中打开）
- Coria, R. A. & Salgado, L. (1995). A new giant carnivorous dinosaur from the Cretaceous of Patagonia. Nature 377: 224-226. doi:10.1038/377224a0（在新标签页中打开）
- Paul, G. S. (2016). The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs (2nd edition). Princeton University Press.
- Therrien, F. & Henderson, D. M. (2007). My theropod is bigger than yours ... or not: estimating body size from skull length in theropods. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27(1): 108-115. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[108:MTIBTY]2.0.CO;2（在新标签页中打开）